Information processing theory is a cognitive framework that likens the human mind to a computer, emphasizing how individuals encode, store, and retrieve information. This theory suggests that the mind processes incoming information in a series of stages, including attention, perception, and memory. It highlights the roles of various cognitive functions, such as problem-solving and decision-making, in the interpretation of data. By understanding these processes, researchers can gain insights into learning, behavior, and the complexities of human cognition.