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In 2016, Neuralink was launched by Elon Musk. Neuralink aims to treat paralysis, blindness and other impairments. All by transplanting brain-computer interfaces into the body. But Neuralink is not the only company which tries to use brain computer interfaces to cure diseases. Let's find out how this works!
Brain computer interfaces are based on recording the activity of brain and creating an appropriate output on a device. Electroencephalography or EEG has been historically used for the first brain computer interfaces. In the 1950s-1980s brain computer interfaces were developed. An EEG reads the activity of the brain while a participant focuses on specific letters on a screen. When the letters light up, the brain becomes active and this is recorded. In this manner, words could be formulated. Later, brain computer interfaces were more often based on braim implants since it has a higher senitivity.
Bionic eyes are a subform of brain computer interfaces were a transplant stimulates the optic nerves of participants if a camera transmits signals. In this way, blind patients might be able to recognize shapes. More advances version of bionic eyes and other brain computer interfaces focus on transmitting more complex signals. Brain computer interfaces have also been used to move robotic arms or muscles of paralyzed patients. Neuralink uses these technologies in order to create brain computer interfaces. Although neuralink has not completed clinical trials yet, preclinical studies have shown that certain computer games can be controlled using only the mind. Let's see how brain computer interfaces develop!

Images & Videos:
Some pictures were derived from Servier Medical Art by Servier. You can find over 3000 free medical images here: https://smart.servier.com/
videvo.net: Display Element , Anatomical Man, Facial Recognition by a lunar blue, CC-By-3.0, Operating Theatre, Sun Setting from ISS (Nasa License) Night Hyperlapse, Ocean Particles by Mark Lund, CC-By-3.0, Formulas by Pressmaster CC-By-3.0 by videvo.net, Kaunas Traffic by Khaj1t CC-By-3.0 by videvo.net, looping MACD by videvo.net
videezy.com: Human Brain, Black Ink dots, Futuristic AI, TV static, Cartoon, Scientists Work Together, Big Data, Particles by videezy.com

Music:
Art of Silence by Uniq https://soundcloud.com/uniqofficial
Laconic Granny by Kevin MacLeod (CC BY 4.0)
Title: Punch Deck by promoted by BreakingCopyright: https://bit.ly/bkc-ethereal2 (CC BY 3.0)
Title: Filaments by Scott Buckley (CC BY 3.0)
Title: Rudolph by Lukrembro https://soundcloud.com/lukrembo

References:
The second patient story has been adapted from a patient story in the references and a blog article of a separate patient.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7824107/pdf/brainsci-11-00043.pdf
pure.mpg.de/rest/items/item_2281721/component/file_2281720/content
www.researchgate.net/publication/333449604_The_history_of_BCI_From_a_vision_for_the_future_to_real_support_for_personhood_in_people_with_locked-in_syndrome
www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0013469488901496
www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-28859-8?
www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-01107-8?
www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042698903004577
www.aop.org.uk/ot/in-practice/practitioner-stories/2016/08/05/bionic-vision
www.businessinsider.com/neuralink-elon-musk-microchips-brains-ai-2021-2#an-animal-rights-group-filed-a-complaint-against-neuralink-in-february-2022-over-the-treatment-of-the-monkeys-used-in-its-research-7
www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(20)30220-8?
www.nature.com/articles/nature11076
www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0140673617306013
www.brown.edu/news/2017-03-28/braingatefes
www.today.com/health/health/woman-shares-story-als-diagnosis-age-27-rcna9502
www.nature.com/articles/nature11076
www.bmj.com/rapid-response/2011/11/02/my-husband-brainstem-stroke-survivor

0:00-1:13 Intro
1:13-4:24 Developing Brain Computer Interfaces
4:24-6:41 Bionic Eyes
6:41-7:34 Ad Time
7:34-10:34 Robotic Arms
10:34-12:31 Mind-Ping-Pong & The Future

About Clemens Steinek:
CLEMENS STEINEK is a PhD student/youtuber (Sciencerely) who is currently conducting stem cell research in Germany.