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Genetic Engineering

Explore an intro to genetic engineering with The Amoeba Sisters. This video provides a general definition, introduces some biotechnology tools that can be used in genetic engineering, and discusses some related vocabulary (such as plasmid, vector, transformation, transgenic, and more). CRISPR is also mentioned; expand to see further reading to explore more. To see more Amoeba Sisters biotechnology related videos, visit https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwL0Myd7Dk1Gxs9mwISTCEi8i1xex94p2

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Table of Contents:
00:00 Intro
1:51 Genetic Engineering Defined
2:01 Insulin Production in Bacteria
3:55 Some Vocab
4:20 Vectors & More
5:25 CRISPR
6:40 Genetic Engineering Uses
7:30 Ethics
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Factual References:

Clark, M. A., Douglas, M., & Choi, J. (2018, March 18). 17.1 Biotechnology – Biology 2e | OpenStax. Openstax.org. https://openstax.org/books/biology-2e/pages/17-1-biotechnology

Urry, Lisa A, et al. Campbell Biology. 11th ed., New York, Ny, Pearson Education, Inc, 2017.

Zedalis, J., & Eggebrecht, J. (2018, March 8). 17.1 Biotechnology – Biology for AP® Courses | OpenStax. Openstax.org. https://openstax.org/books/biology-ap-courses/pages/17-1-biotechnology

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FURTHER READING:
Note: our description is limited in characters; we encourage you to keep exploring beyond these recommendations!

*GFP and fluorescence?
https://embryo.asu.edu/pages/green-fluorescent-protein

*This link has a great bacterial transformation exploration!
https://openoregon.pressbooks.pub/mhccbiology112/chapter/bacterial-transformation-lab/

*How is genetic engineering (which video focuses on) & gene therapy (which video doesn’t mention) DIFFERENT? — this also talks about using viruses:
https://medicine.missouri.edu/centers-institutes-labs/health-ethics/faq/gene-therapy

*Includes charts of different cells used to produce biopharmaceuticals:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4748523/

*History of synthesizing growth factor (interesting!)
https://americanhistory.si.edu/blog/2012/10/human-growth-hormone.html

*Genetically engineered plants and…
**Pollutants in air or soils:
https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/trees-created-clean-pollutants
https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/genetically-modified-houseplant-cleans-indoor-air#
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pce.12963
**Climate change mitigation?
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2022.01.004

*Genetically Engineered Chickens and Avian Influenza Resistance?https://doi.org/10.3390/v10100561https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6149294/

*Genetically Engineered Mice:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK231336/

*More on CRISPR:
https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/genomicresearch/genomeediting/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4971521/
**Book recommendation:
“The Code Breaker: Jennifer Doudna, Gene Editing, and the Future of the Human Race” by Walter Isaacson

ETHICAL ISSUES:
*What is bioethics? (from Michigan State University)
https://bioethics.msu.edu/what-is-bioethics

*CRISPR and Gene Editing Ethical Issues:
https://doi.org/10.21775/cimb.026.103
https://www.genome.gov/about-genomics/policy-issues/Genome-Editing/ethical concerns

*Agriculture:
https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/genetically-modified-organisms-gmos-transgenic-crops-and-732/

*Animals:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3078015/#genetics

GENETIC ENGINEERING AS A CAREER:
The US Bureau of Labor Statistics puts genetic engineering in the category of bioengineers: https://www.bls.gov/ooh/architecture-and-engineering/biomedical-engineers.htm

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MUSIC:
Our intro music designed and performed by Jeremiah Cheshire.
End music in this video is listed free to use/no attribution required from the YouTube audio library.

TRANSLATIONS:
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